Saturday 29 September 2012

Home biogas system Philippine

The design of most biogas systems can be traced to either the China Fixed Dome  6+ million in-use or the India Floating Cover .9+ million in-use.

 The Philippine BioDigester Home Biogas System



1. Does not need a concrete dome that is difficult to build, expensive and prone to leaks.
 2. Does not need a floating (metal) cover that corrodes, is expensive and difficult to operate.
 3. Does not need a stirring system that corrodes, is laborious and prone to leakage.
 4. The Home Biogas System HBS has a simple sediment removal process that is easy and convenient to operate.
 5. The Home Biogas System HBS can be located closer to the kitchen or place where the gas will be used to minimize piping problems like clogging and leaks.

Download DC  http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/22030001/1611142161/name/Home+biogas+system.docx

Anaerobic Biogas Digester Modelling ppt


Waste Treatment – produce biogas and nitrate rich fertilizer, reduce pollution , renewable source of energy.
Mixing Effectiveness – poorly mixed, can result in failure of digester (poor break up of solids, settling increases PH)
Problems with Scale up












Research Paper : Sunflowers for Bio-gas

In many countries renewable energies are of growing importance as alternative energy supply. In Europe and especially in Germany Bio-gas is a key element in this segment supplying already 2.1% of the German electricity production (Bio-gasportal, 2011). Bio-gas is a product of anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials. It is comprised primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. Bio-gas can be used for the production of heat, electricity, and directly in gas distribution networks. In addition to organic waste, an increasing amount of biomass is used to produce Bio-gas. In Germany maize is the most widely used crop for Bio-gas production with acreage of more than 500.000 ha. To improve maize accentuated crop rotations additional crops with high biomass yields are necessary. Sunflower could be one of these crops as a biomass yield of up to 20 t/ha can be achieved (Hahn and Ganssmann, 2008). For Bio-gas production a high methane yield per hectare is an important aim in energy plant breeding. The methane yield per hectare depends on the biomass yield, the amount of Bio-gas per kg organic dry matter and the methane content in the Bio-gas. Here sunflower offers an advantage as its oil is producing a high methane content in Bio-gas. However, an increasing biomass yield is associated with higher amounts of sunflower stems. And in this yield fraction, compared to maize, higher ash content and larger amounts of structural substances like ADL were found. In contrast to oil, protein and soluble carbohydrates these substances affect negatively the efficiency of energy degradation of biomass. Therefore, our objectives were to (1) investigate biomass yields of newly developed hybrids and (2) estimate genetic parameters for ADL, ash and sugar content of sunflower stems.

download :http://www.asagir.org.ar/asagir2008/archivos_congreso/Sunflowers%20for%20Biogas%20%E2%80%93%20Breeding%20for%20Yield%20and%20Quality.doc

Wednesday 19 September 2012

A cross-section model of the patented mini biogas Plant by TISTR

A cross-section model of the patented mini Biogas Plant by Thailand Institute of Science and Technological Research ( (TISTR)


A cross-section model of the patented mini biogas Plant


A cross-section model of the patented mini biogas unit developed by the Thailand Institute of Science and Technological Research gives an idea of how it works. The unit can process 15 kilogrammes of household waste per day into biogas.
A research and development project of the Thailand Institute of Science and Technological Research (TISTR), the mini biogas unit covers a space of one square metre, roughly the size of a refrigerator or washing machine.


Source: bangkokpost.com/business/economics/313002/biogas-production-goes-home

Thursday 6 September 2012

Scaling of gasholder


Scaling of gasholder

The size of the gasholder - the gasholder volume (VG, see Figure 6)—depends on gas production and the volume of gas drawn off.
Fig. 6: Digester and gasholder Each biogas plant consists of a digester (VD) and a gasholder (VG). For calculation purposes, only the net digester volume or gas space is relevant. In the fixed-dome plant (C), the net gas space corresponds to the size of the compensating tank (Vo) above the zero line. The zero line is the filling limit.


Gas production depends on the amount and nature of the fermentation slurry, digester, temperature and retention time (Figures 7,8).
Fig. 7: Gas production from fresh cattle manure depending on retention time and digester temperature


The curves represent averages of laboratory and empirical values. The values vary a wide range owing to differences in the solids content of the dung, animal feeds and types of biogas plant. Regular stirring increases gas production. The 26-28 °C line is a secure basis for scaling in the majority of cases.
Fig. 8: Gas production from fresh pig manure depending on retention time and digester temperature


The curves represent averages of laboratory and empirical values. The measured values show an even wider range of variation than in the case of cattle dung. Particularly large variations occur if antibiotics are added to the feed. The 26-28 °C curve is a realistic guide for the planning of a plant.

Gas production is encouraged by high, uniform temperatures (e.g., 33°C), long retention times (e.g., 100 days) and thorough mixing of the slurry.

Gas production is adversely affected by low and fluctuating temperatures (15-25 °C), short retention times (e.g., 30 days) and poor mixing.

Example:

1 kg of cattle dung yields only 15 lof biogas in a retention time of 30 days at a digester temperature of 20 °C. If the retention time is increased to 100 days and the digester temperature to 33 °C, 1 kg of cattle dung gives 54 lof biogas (Figure 7). The size of the gasholder is determined, primarily by the amount of gas drawn off and when it is drawn.

Examples:

A refrigerator operating round the clock consumes all the gas produced on a given day. The gasholder merely has to compensate for fluctuations in the,daily volume of gas produced.

A water pump consumes the entire daily gas production in a few hours. The gasholder must every day collect the entire daytime and night-time production and compensate for daily production fluctuations.

The ratio of gasholder volume (VG) to daily gas production (G) is called the gasholder capacity (C).

Example:

Gasholder volume (VG): 1.5m³ (1500l)

Daily gas production (G): 2.4 m³

Gasholder capacity (C):

1.5 m³ 2.4 m³ = 0.625 = 62.5 %.

The required gasholder capacity and hence the required gasholder size is an important planning parameter. If the gasholder capacity is insufficient' part of the gas produced will be lost. The remaining volume of gas will not be enough. If the gasholder is made too large, construction costs will be unnecessarily high, but plant operation will be more convenient. The gasholder must therefore be made large enough to be able to accept the entire volume of gas consumed at a time. It must also be able to accept all the gas produced between consumption times. Furthermore, the gasholder must be able to compensate for daily fluctuations in gas production. These fluctuations range from 75 % to 125 % of calculated gas production.

Calculation examples for gasholder size:

Daily gas production: 2400 l

Hourly gas production: 2400 -:- 24 = 100 l/h

Gas consumption


from 0600 to 0800 hrs

=2h


from 1200 to 1400 hrs

=2h


from 1900 to 2100 hrs

=2h


Duration of gas consumption:

6 h


To simplify the calculation, uniform gas consumption is assumed. Hourly gas consumption:

2400 l -:- 6 h = 400 l/h

Gas is also produced during consumption. For this reason, only the difference between consumption and production is relevant to the calculation.

DG = 400 l/h - 100 l/h = 300 l/h

The necessary gasholder size during consumption is therefore:

VG(1)=300l/h x 2h=600l.

The longest interval between periods of consumption is from 2100 to 0600 hrs (9 hours). The necessary gasholder size is therefore:

VG(2) = 100 l/h x 9 h = 900 Q.

VG(2) is the maximum relevant gasholder size. With the safety margin of 25%, this gives a gasholder size of

VG = 900 l x 1.25 = 1125 £.

The required gasholder capacity is thus:

C = 1 125 l -:- 2400 l= 0.47 = 47 %

Daily gas production: 2400 l

Hourly gas production: 100 l/h

Gas consumption


from 0530 to 0830 hrs

=3h


from 1830 to 2000 hrs

=1.5h


Duration of gas consumption:

4.5 h


Gas consumption per hour:

2400 l -:- 4.5 h = 533 l/h.

Difference between gas production and consumption:

DG = 533 l/h -100 l/h = 433 l/h.

Hence the necessary gasholder size during consumption is:

VG(1)= 433 l/h x 3 h = 1299 l.

The necessary gasholder size in the intervals between consumption results from the period from 0830 to 1830 hrs (10 h). The necessary gasholder size is therefore:

VG(2) = 100 l/h x 10 h = 1000 Q.

VG(1) is the larger volume and must therefore be used as the basis. Allowing for the safety margin of 25 %, the gasholder size is thus

VG = 1299 l X 1.25 = 1624 Q.



The required gasholder capacity thus works out as

C = 1624 l -:- 2400 l= 0.68 = 68 %.
Fig 9: Graphic determination of required gasholder volume in accordance with the first example, page 21/22. Working steps: 1. Plotting of gas production curve (a) and gas consumption curve (b). 2. Plotting of gas consumption times. 3. The gasholder curve (thick line) is determined by parallel shifting in accordance with the numbered arrows (1-9). The value VG does not yet include the safety margin of 25 %

Fig. 10: Graphic determination of the required gasholder volume in accordance with the second example on page 23/24. The safety margin of 25 % for fluctuating gas production must be added to the value VG. The distance H can also be regarded as the height of the floating gas drum. Experience shows that about the same volume of gas per hour is produced day and night.


A gasholder capacity of 50-60% is normally correct for peasant households in Third World countries. A capacity of 70 % or even more must be allowed only where not more than one meal a day is cooked regularly or where eating habits are highly irregular

Scaling of biogas plants

Scaling of biogas plants
Scaling of biogas plants

Introduction
To calculate the scale of a biogas plant, certain characteristic parameters are used. These are as
follows for simple biogas plants
Daily fermentation slurry arisings (Sd),
-  Retention time (RT),
-  Specific gas production per day (Gd), which depends on the retention time and the feed material.

The following additional concepts and parameters are also used in the theoretical literature:

-  Dry matter (DM). The water content of natural feed materials varies. For this reason the solids or dry matter content of the feed material is used for exact scientific work (see table in Fig. 2).

-  Organic dry matter (ODM or VS). Only the organic or volatile constituents of the feed
material are important for the digestion process. For this reason, only the organic part of the dry matter content is considered.

-  Digester loading (R). The digester loading indicates how much organic material per day has to be supplied to the digester or has to be digested. The digester loading is calculated in kilograms of organic dry matter per cubic metre of digester volume per day  (kg ODM/m³/day). Long retention times result in low digester loadings. In a simple biogas plant, 1.5 kg/m3/day is already quite a high loading. Temperature-controlled and
mechanically stirred large-scale plants can be loaded at about 5 kg/m3/day. If the, digester loading is too high, the pH falls. The plant then remains in the acid phase because there is more feed material than methane bacteria
Example:
Calculation of digester loading
Digester volume (VD): 48001 (4.8 m³) Retention time (RT): 80 days
Daily amount of fermentation slurry (Sd): 60 kg
Proportion of organic matter: 5 %

R = 5x60/100 x 4.8 = 0.625 kg/m3/day

Retention time (RT or t) indicates the period spent by the feed material in the digester. It is chosen by economic criteria. The retention time is appreciably shorter than the total time required for complete digestion of the feed material.

Specific gas production may be quoted for the amount of fermentation slurry, the dry matter, content or only the organic dry matter. In practice, it represents the gas production of a specific feed material in a specific retention time at specific digester temperatures.

Degree of digestion is measured as a percentage. It indicates the amount of gas obtained as aproortion of total specific gas production. The difference from 100% indicates the proportion of feed material which is not yet fully digested. In simple biogas plants, the degree of digestion is about 50 %. This means that half the feed material is not used.
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is an important parameter in effluent treatment. It indicates the degree of pollution of effluents or sewage. The BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria in biological purification.

Scaling of the digester
The size of the digester - the digester volume (VD) - is determined by the length of the retention time (RT) and by the amount of fermentation slurry supplied daily (Sd). The amount of fermentation slurry consists of the feed material (e.g., cattle dung) and the mixing water.

 Example:
30 l dung + 30 l water = 60 l fermentation slurry

The digester volume is calculated by the formula

VD(l) = Sd(l/day) x RT (days)

Example:
Daily supply (Sd): 60 l
Retention time (RT): 80 days
Digester volume (VD):
60 l/day x 80 days = 4800 1 (4.8 m³)

For a specific digester volume and a known amount of fermentation slurry, the actual retention time is given by the formula

RT(days) = VD(l) -:-Sd(l/day)
Example:
Digester volume (VD): 4800 l
Daily supply (Sd): 60 l/day
Retention time (RT):
4800 l -:- 60 l/day = 80 days

If the digester size is given and a specific retention time is required, the daily amount of feed is
calculated by the formula

Sd (l/day) = VD (l) . RT(days)

Example:

Digester volume (VD): 4800 l
Retention time (RT): 80 days
Daily fermentation slurry requirement (Sd):
4800 l -:- 80 days = 60 l/day

If a biogas plant is loaded not daily but at relatively long intervals, the daily supply (Sd) decreases although the fermentation slurry proportion (S) remains the same. The retention time is correspondingly prolonged.

Example:

Digester volume (VD): 4800 l
Fermentation slurry proportion (S): 60 l
1. Daily loading, i.e. Sd= S = 60 l/day:
Retention time (RT):
4800l -:- 60 l/day = 80 days
2. Loading every other day, i.e.
Sd=S 2=30Q/day:
Retention time (RT):
4800 l -:- 30 £/day = 160 days
3. Loading twice a week, i.e.
Sd= S x 2/7 = 17.2 l/day:
Retention time (RT):
4800 l -:- 17.2 l/day = 279 days

Monday 3 September 2012

Biogas Plant In Sialkot Pasrur Village Fatah Gujjaran Photos

Biogas Plant In Sialkot Pasrur Village Fatah Gujjaran Photos



Biogas Plant Design and Construction Consultancy by Dr Ashraf Sahibzada

Biogas Plant Design and Construction Consultancy by Dr Ashraf Sahibzada in Urdu / Punjabi / Hindi Videos

Video 1 

GOBAR GAS SARA E AALAMGIR DR.ASHRAF SAHIBZADA



DR.ASHRAF SAHIBZADA (a native of BHADDAR GUJRAT) is a world renowned Pakistani Agricultural Scientist. He extends free advisory service on all aspects of agriculture & livestock to famers of Pakistan as a noble deed. His Help no. is +92-333-5121879 and Email: a.sahibzada@hotmail.com He is currently residing in Islamabad.

Video 2
BIO GAS CALL FROM DOHA QATAR DR.ASHRAF SAHIBZADA



Video3
BIOGAS MANDI BAHAUDDIN PUNJABI DR.ASHRAF SAHIBZADA



Video 4

Biogas Information urdu



Video 5
Biogas Plant manufacturer contact number Pakistan




Video 6



DR.ASHRAF SAHIBZADA Bhaddar world famed Pakistani Agricultural Scientist replies to farmers quarries on all aspects of agriculture & livestock. He extends free advisory service to famers of Pakistan as a noble deed. His cell no. is 03335121879. You can call him from 1200 to 1400 hours daily and join in recording PAKISTANI ZARAT Program and watch on You Tube. His native village is Bhaddar Tehsil Kharian District Gujrat but resides in Islamabad. If anybody wants to meet him in person then before proceeding first check his availability.

Sunday 2 September 2012

Video | Biogas Plant

Biogas Plant Videos

Plastic Dome Biogas Plant

In this video man collecting the animal dung and adding some water and put in to plastic dome like bio gas plant and he showing stove where gas burns



Biological. West material i.e caw dung , vegetable west , food west as well agriculture west converted in to high pressure biogas. In absence of oxygen this process is accrue and biological partial converted in to high quality CH4 ( methane gas) generally it called BIOGAS.

Video 2
Storing biogas in a plastic trash bag



Description
I don't know why I didn't do this before. It simplifies things significantly. I had seen old black and white photos from China from the 60s and 70s where farmers stored biogas in large plastic bags in the rafters of their barns, but had chosen the path of trying to build hard tank gas holders. A case of over engineering and a lack of confidence in the safety of biogas I think. Or sheer stupidity. I had built Salchica plastic bag bio-digesters with Yair Teller and Beverly Goodman and Ilona Muallam and others at the Arava institute of Environmental Studies in Israel and visited Dominic Wanjahia's Simply Logic plastic biodigesters in Kenya so I was very familiar with the principle, but I ended up buying expensive robust plastic and PVC material (pond liner grade stuff) because I was going to use it for both the digester and the gas storage and knew it had to be strong enough to last. But today I reasoned "wait a minute -- I have my IBC tanks to make the biogas, I just need a simpler way to store it and pressurize it." And voila, a simple plastic garbage bag with a tank adapter and a valve, sealed with duct tape, using a blanket or throw rug for the pressure, does the trick. Simple and elegant and cheap, it obviates the need for a floating tank or other kind of storage system. Go on and try this one at home! I got 20 minutes of cooking from a single trash bag -- enough to make two bowls of soup.

Video 3

Biogas Plant Experiment