Thursday, 15 March 2012
iron drum Biogas Plant Experiment Photo
Iron drum Biogas Plant Experiment
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| iron drum Biogas Plant Experiment Photo |
The Bionic-Biogas Experiment
The Bionic-Biogas Experiment
Scientists and engineers are always looking for new sources of natural gas deep in the ground—even under
the ocean. What’s more, energy engineers are trying to use a type of natural gas called “biogas” that is being created in landfills (the places where they bury our garbage) across America. Biogas is the result of trash (food, wood, farm waste) that breaks down and releases gas. Now, here’s a fun way to make some biogas of your own
Directions:
1. Make a “yummy” mixture of the scraps and soil by putting both of them into the jar and stirring with the spoon.
2. Stretch the neck of the balloon over the mouth of the jar and fix it tightly with the rubber band. (Ask your teacher for help!)
3. Now, watch and wait. Put the jar someplace warm, like near a window in your classroom, for about a week. As the scraps break down with the soil, they will release gas. Then, your balloon will gradually fill with biogas.
Scientists and engineers are always looking for new sources of natural gas deep in the ground—even under
the ocean. What’s more, energy engineers are trying to use a type of natural gas called “biogas” that is being created in landfills (the places where they bury our garbage) across America. Biogas is the result of trash (food, wood, farm waste) that breaks down and releases gas. Now, here’s a fun way to make some biogas of your own
Directions:
1. Make a “yummy” mixture of the scraps and soil by putting both of them into the jar and stirring with the spoon.
2. Stretch the neck of the balloon over the mouth of the jar and fix it tightly with the rubber band. (Ask your teacher for help!)
3. Now, watch and wait. Put the jar someplace warm, like near a window in your classroom, for about a week. As the scraps break down with the soil, they will release gas. Then, your balloon will gradually fill with biogas.
Sunday, 11 March 2012
Video | Biogas (Gobar gas)Technical Information in Hindi
Video | Biogas (Gobar gas)Technical Information in Hindi
Documentary made by NIOS: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING
Cow dung gas is 55-65% methane, 30-35% carbon dioxide, with some hydrogen, nitrogen and other traces. Its heating value is around 600 B.T.U. per cubic foot.
Natural gas consists of around 80 % methane, yielding a B.T.U. value of about 1000.
Biogas may be improved by filtering it through limewater to remove carbon dioxide, iron filings to absorb corrosive hydrogen sulphide and calcium chloride to extract water vapour after the other two processes.
Cow dung slurry is composed of 1.8-2.4% nitrogen (N2), 1.0-1.2% phosphorus (P2O5), 0.6-0.8% potassium (K2O) and 50-75% organic humus.
About one cubic foot of gas may be generated from one pound of cow manure at around 28°C. This is enough gas to cook a day's meals for 4-6 people in India.
About 1.7 cubic metres of biogas equals one litre of gasoline. The manure produced by one cow in one year can be converted to methane which is the equivalent of over 200 litres of gasoline.
Gas engines require about 0.5 m3 of methane per horsepower per hour. Some care must be taken with the lubrication of engines using solely biogas due to the "dry" nature of the fuel and some residual hydrogen sulphide, otherwise these are a simple conversion of a gasoline engine.
Documentary made by NIOS: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING
Cow dung gas is 55-65% methane, 30-35% carbon dioxide, with some hydrogen, nitrogen and other traces. Its heating value is around 600 B.T.U. per cubic foot.
Natural gas consists of around 80 % methane, yielding a B.T.U. value of about 1000.
Biogas may be improved by filtering it through limewater to remove carbon dioxide, iron filings to absorb corrosive hydrogen sulphide and calcium chloride to extract water vapour after the other two processes.
Cow dung slurry is composed of 1.8-2.4% nitrogen (N2), 1.0-1.2% phosphorus (P2O5), 0.6-0.8% potassium (K2O) and 50-75% organic humus.
About one cubic foot of gas may be generated from one pound of cow manure at around 28°C. This is enough gas to cook a day's meals for 4-6 people in India.
About 1.7 cubic metres of biogas equals one litre of gasoline. The manure produced by one cow in one year can be converted to methane which is the equivalent of over 200 litres of gasoline.
Gas engines require about 0.5 m3 of methane per horsepower per hour. Some care must be taken with the lubrication of engines using solely biogas due to the "dry" nature of the fuel and some residual hydrogen sulphide, otherwise these are a simple conversion of a gasoline engine.
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| Biogs (Gobar gas)Technical Information in Hindi |
kitchen waste biogas
Contact for Homemade kitchen waste biogas plant Projects
science fair projects
Free Winning Science Fair Projects Step-by-Step How-To-Do Resources Ideas, Urdu
Biogas Plant Blog
Biogas is alternative source of green energy our world future
Saturday, 10 March 2012
Biogas Generation in a Vegetable Waste Anaerobic Digester:
Biogas Generation in a Vegetable Waste Anaerobic Digester : An Analytical Approach
Dhanalakshmi Sridevi V.1
and Ramanujam R.A.2
1 Department of Chemistry, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai – 63, TN, INDIA
2 Environment Technology Division, (CLRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, INDIA
Available online at: www.isca.in (Received 8th February 2012, revised 14 the February 2012, accepted 16
the February 2012)
Abstract
Mixture of vegetable wastes was an-aerobically digested in a 500 ml capacity lab scale batch reactors Vegetable wastes having near similar pH and moisture content have been chosen so that overall pH and total solids content do not vary significantly in the feed composition for the study. Carrot, beans and brinjal having pH 5.4, 5.8 and 5.7 and moisture content 89.8%, 90.29% and 89.4% respectively were chosen for the study. These wastes contain predominantly carbohydrates and less protein and fat. Studies were carried out by preparing the feed consisting of carrot, beans and brinjal in different proportions to obtain organic load ranging from 0.06gm VS to 0.47 gm VS. The performance of the reactors was evaluated by estimating destruction of total and volatile Solids and by monitoring daily gas production. Mean methane production rate were determined at different organic loading range. Predictive models for analyzing the performance of the batch reactor and for determining cumulative biogas production for a given organic loading have been developed. The kinetics of the process has been studied using first order rate equation and reported in the paper.
Download Research Paper. http://www.isca.in/rjrs/archive/v1i3/6.ISCA-RJRS-2012-051_Done.pdf
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| biogas plant |
Dhanalakshmi Sridevi V.1
and Ramanujam R.A.2
1 Department of Chemistry, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai – 63, TN, INDIA
2 Environment Technology Division, (CLRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, INDIA
Available online at: www.isca.in (Received 8th February 2012, revised 14 the February 2012, accepted 16
the February 2012)
Abstract
Mixture of vegetable wastes was an-aerobically digested in a 500 ml capacity lab scale batch reactors Vegetable wastes having near similar pH and moisture content have been chosen so that overall pH and total solids content do not vary significantly in the feed composition for the study. Carrot, beans and brinjal having pH 5.4, 5.8 and 5.7 and moisture content 89.8%, 90.29% and 89.4% respectively were chosen for the study. These wastes contain predominantly carbohydrates and less protein and fat. Studies were carried out by preparing the feed consisting of carrot, beans and brinjal in different proportions to obtain organic load ranging from 0.06gm VS to 0.47 gm VS. The performance of the reactors was evaluated by estimating destruction of total and volatile Solids and by monitoring daily gas production. Mean methane production rate were determined at different organic loading range. Predictive models for analyzing the performance of the batch reactor and for determining cumulative biogas production for a given organic loading have been developed. The kinetics of the process has been studied using first order rate equation and reported in the paper.
Download Research Paper. http://www.isca.in/rjrs/archive/v1i3/6.ISCA-RJRS-2012-051_Done.pdf
Thursday, 8 March 2012
Importance of Nutrients in Biogas plant
Although nutrient needs for bacteria in aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment processes may be grouped as macronutrients and micronutrients, there are significant differences in nutrient requirements between these two treatment processes.These differences are due to the unique needs of methane-forming bacteria and the
lower cell (sludge) yield of fermentative bacteria as compared to aerobic bacteria. Macronutrients, for example, nitrogen and phosphorus, are nutrients that are required in relatively large quantities by all bacteria. Micronutrients, for example, cobalt and nickel, are nutrients that are required in relatively small quantities by most bacteria.The inorganic nutrients critical in the conversion of acetate to methane—the rate-limiting reaction in an anaerobic digester—are the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus and the micronutrients cobalt, iron, nickel, and sulfur.
MACRONUTRIENTS
Macronutrient requirements for anaerobic biological treatment processes are much lower than the requirements for aerobic biological treatment processes such as activated sludge and trickling filter processes. The reduced requirement for macronutrients in anaerobic processes is due to lower cell (sludge) yield compared with aerobic processes from the degradation of equal quantities of substrate. The two macronutrients of concern in any biological treatment process are nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrients are made available to anaerobic bacteria, including methane-forming bacteria, as ammonical-nitrogen (NH
4+–N) and ortho phosphate-phosphorus (HPO4––P). These nutrients, like all nutrients, are available to bacteria only in a soluble form.
MACRONUTRIENTS
Macronutrient requirements for anaerobic biological treatment processes are much lower than the requirements for aerobic biological treatment processes such as activated sludge and trickling filter processes. The reduced requirement for macronutrients in anaerobic processes is due to lower cell (sludge) yield compared with aerobic processes from the degradation of equal quantities of substrate. The two macronutrients of concern in any biological treatment process are nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrients are made available to anaerobic bacteria, including methane-forming bacteria, as ammonical-nitrogen (NH
4+–N) and ortho phosphate-phosphorus (HPO4––P). These nutrients, like all nutrients, are available to bacteria only in a soluble form.significant decrease in the rate of methane production, that is, decreased enzymatic ability to convert acetate to methane
SULFIDE
Sulfide is the principle source of sulfur for methane-forming bacteria. For sulfide to enter a bacterial cell, it must exist as nonionized hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This form of sulfide occurs in a relatively high concentration within the pH range of 6.8 to 6.9,which is also near the pH of normal anaerobic digester operation
lower cell (sludge) yield of fermentative bacteria as compared to aerobic bacteria. Macronutrients, for example, nitrogen and phosphorus, are nutrients that are required in relatively large quantities by all bacteria. Micronutrients, for example, cobalt and nickel, are nutrients that are required in relatively small quantities by most bacteria.The inorganic nutrients critical in the conversion of acetate to methane—the rate-limiting reaction in an anaerobic digester—are the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus and the micronutrients cobalt, iron, nickel, and sulfur.
MACRONUTRIENTS
Macronutrient requirements for anaerobic biological treatment processes are much lower than the requirements for aerobic biological treatment processes such as activated sludge and trickling filter processes. The reduced requirement for macronutrients in anaerobic processes is due to lower cell (sludge) yield compared with aerobic processes from the degradation of equal quantities of substrate. The two macronutrients of concern in any biological treatment process are nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrients are made available to anaerobic bacteria, including methane-forming bacteria, as ammonical-nitrogen (NH
4+–N) and ortho phosphate-phosphorus (HPO4––P). These nutrients, like all nutrients, are available to bacteria only in a soluble form.
MACRONUTRIENTS
Macronutrient requirements for anaerobic biological treatment processes are much lower than the requirements for aerobic biological treatment processes such as activated sludge and trickling filter processes. The reduced requirement for macronutrients in anaerobic processes is due to lower cell (sludge) yield compared with aerobic processes from the degradation of equal quantities of substrate. The two macronutrients of concern in any biological treatment process are nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrients are made available to anaerobic bacteria, including methane-forming bacteria, as ammonical-nitrogen (NH
4+–N) and ortho phosphate-phosphorus (HPO4––P). These nutrients, like all nutrients, are available to bacteria only in a soluble form.significant decrease in the rate of methane production, that is, decreased enzymatic ability to convert acetate to methane
SULFIDE
Sulfide is the principle source of sulfur for methane-forming bacteria. For sulfide to enter a bacterial cell, it must exist as nonionized hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This form of sulfide occurs in a relatively high concentration within the pH range of 6.8 to 6.9,which is also near the pH of normal anaerobic digester operation
Importance of Temperature in Biogas plant
Common recurring problems associated with anaerobic digesters are loss of heating capability and maintenance of optimum digester temperature. An acceptable and uniform temperature should be maintained throughout the digester to prevent localized pockets of depressed temperature and undesired bacterial activity. Variations in temperature of even a few degrees affect almost all biological activity including the inhibition of some anaerobic bacteria, especially methane-forming bacteria. Adequate mixing of the digester content prevents the development of localized pockets of temperature variation. Most methane-forming bacteria are active in two temperature ranges. These ranges are the mesophilic range from 30 to 35°C and the thermophilic range from 50 to 60°C. At temperatures between 40°C and 50°C, methane-forming bacteria are inhibited. Digester performance falters somewhere near 42°C, as this represents the transition from mesophilic to thermophilic organisms. Although methane production can occur over a wide range of temperatures, anaerobic digestion of sludge and methane production at municipal wastewater treatment plants is performed in the mesophilic range, with an optimum
temperature of approximately 35°C Whenever digester temperature falls below 32°C, close attention should be paid to the volatile acid-to-alkalinity ratio. Volatile acid formation continues at depressed temperatures, but methane production proceeds slowly. Volatile acid production can continue at a rapid rate as low as 21°C, whereas methane production is essentially nonexistent. Therefore, 32°C is the minimum temperature that should be main-tained, and 35°C is the preferred temperature.
temperature of approximately 35°C Whenever digester temperature falls below 32°C, close attention should be paid to the volatile acid-to-alkalinity ratio. Volatile acid formation continues at depressed temperatures, but methane production proceeds slowly. Volatile acid production can continue at a rapid rate as low as 21°C, whereas methane production is essentially nonexistent. Therefore, 32°C is the minimum temperature that should be main-tained, and 35°C is the preferred temperature.
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